akosua busia a different world

Her father, Dr. Kofi Abrefa Busia, served as Prime Minister of the Republic of Ghana (in West Africa) from 1969 to 1972. Some complained that it was not adapted well from the book losing much of the powerful emotions. In Sherman Oaks, actress Akosua Busia is asking $1.447 million for her home of 18 years. I found myself on a doctor with my hands on his throat, Busia said. In his books, he reaches out to black children all around the world in order to enlighten them about their rich African cultural roots. I said to myself, Well, youve stayed pretty much the same, and youre still really a badass with a gun. The character Danai plays on The Walking Dead is basically my character, but she wrote my character before she got that role. Date of Birth. Akosua Busia has a curved body structure with slim body figures. Due to a planned power outage on Friday, 1/14, between 8am-1pm PST, some services may be impacted. KUBBYEKABO, wife of MobalageEkabo played by DjimonHounsou. Theres no way I was going to write a play about a people I did not know, who are not my own people. In 1979, she made her acting debut in the American film Ashanti. Akosua Busia(Wenchi, 30 de dezembro de 1966), Princesa Real de Wenchi, em Gana. Busia's early acting career mostly consisted of roles in various films, such as the Michael Caine adventure Life, Vision & Legacy of K.A. Much of the inspiration for the book came from the cultural inspirations in her own life. Because Im Zimbabwean and American, I definitely seek to show a specific African story very clearly. [13] In 2008 Busia directed a film about her father: The Prof. A Man Remembered. [7] Busia ta buga Nettie (Danny gaban Glover da Whoopi Goldberg) a cikin Steven Spielberg na shekarar alif 1985 The Color Purple,[8] wanda aka samo daga littafin Alice Walker na wannan taken, kamar yadda Ruth a Badge of the Assassin (1985) kamar yadda Jewel a cikin Rosewood na John Singleton (1997)[9] kuma kamar yadda Patience a cikin Tears of the Sun na Antoine Fuqua (2003). In 2012, Eclipsed premiered at Yale Repertory Theatre, directed by Tommy and featuring two-fifths of the current Broadway cast (Jah as Wife #2 and Armand as Wife #3). ILOSM added that Wonder is the godparent Hadar Busia-Singleton, the daughter that Akosua and John Singleton's welcomed to the world two decades ago. The novel opens first with a special dedication to her parents. He was ultimately captured and hanged. She joins Forest Whitaker of Hughie and Jennifer Hudson of The Color Purpleall in their Broadway bows, all on the same Broadway block. Here I am in front of the podium before the arrival of the platform party." Abena chose a different path than her sister: she's an professor, writer, poet, feminist, and lecturer, as well as a diplomat and ambassador for their country . She jumped on a taxis hood, hysterical and half-naked, and hurried to three clinics before finding the right one. She was previously married to John Singleton. Their reunion marks the films emotional climax. She found herself in a play in which her character has lost her daughter and been dragged away by soldiers to an awful fate. In addition to her writing credits as an author of a novel, Busia also co-wrote the screenplay for the 1998 film version ofBeloved. She sat as the Foundation Director of Busia Foundation International. Weve continued to work very hard on the performances and the staging, says Eustis. Busia was the Nyongo of her day, someone who had this light, this undeniable luminosity. Busia was retired and living in Ghana. [17] Don aikinta a kashe-Broadway, ta sami lambar yabo ta Obie don Babban Ayyuka kamar Rita. 'Yar uwarta, Abena Busia, mawakiya ce kuma malama, wacce farfesa ce a Turanci a Jami'ar Rutgers,[5] kuma tun shekarar 2017 ta kasance jakadan Ghana a Brazil. Akosua Busia, Navdeep Jaitly Joint 25th Annual International Conference on Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology (ISMB) and 16th European Conference on Computational Biology (ECCB) 2017, Poster Recently developed deep learning techniques have significantly improved the accuracy of various speech and image recognition systems. For me, its about giving opportunity to other women of color. Two male representatives of the NAACP even called the films portrayal of black men as dangerous.[1] Furthermore, some even criticized the filmmakers for using a white director, Steven Spielberg. That Busia is part of such a groundbreaking show isnt unusual for this royal-born daughter of a Ghanaian prime minister. Her work is included in such anthologies as Daughters of Africa (ed. Overview. Yarinyarsu ta halarci makaranta a Ghana, kafin ta dawo Amurka. Busia is the daughter of Kofi Abrefa Busia, who was prime minister of the Republic of Ghana (from 1969 to 1972)[3] and a prince of the royal family of Wenchi,[4] a subgroup of the Ashanti, making Akosua a princess too. Contribute mode. Photos by Crystal Blake. I found myself on a doctor with my hands on his throat, Busia said. Thats all I want. [6], Matsayin Busia na fim sun hada da rawar gani kamar Bessie a cikin fim din shekara Alif 1986 na Richard Wright's novel Native Son (tare da Geraldine Page da Matt Dillon). She joins Forest Whitaker of Hughie and Jennifer Hudson of The Color Purpleall in their Broadway bows, all on the same Broadway block. Theres a huge poster of a tranquil beach and rolling waves. That play is completely based on family. Its the rare show about a subject thats not only a powerful play but you can feel how authentic the voices are that are telling the story. Akosua Gyamama Busia (born 30 December 1966) is a Ghanaian actress, film director, author and songwriter who lives in the U.K. Busia is best known for her role as Nettie Harris in the 1985 film The Color Purple alongside Whoopi Goldberg. The George McKenna Story (1986, TV) Cynthia, CBS Schoolbreak Special (1986, Babies Having Babies) Brenda, St. [8], In July 2017, President Nana Akuffo-Addo named Abena Busia as Ghana's ambassador to Brazil. She is best known for her role as Nettie Harris in the 1985 film The Color Purple alongside Whoopi Goldberg. Raised on four continents, traveling over forty-two countries, Akosua schooled in Holland, Mexico, Switzerland, and Great Britain. Thats not the world I live in. Busia, dressed in white in the play as a member of the Women of Liberia Mass Action for Peace that helped end the Second Liberian Civil War, came to the party wearing her own line. x x x. Both of these dueling images are wrapped around her shows Playbill: On the front cover is the actress in character (a war-ravaged teenager in the Liberian Civil War of 2003); on the back cover is the elegant model (representing the radiant face of Lancome). She was previously married to John Singleton. I cant even begin to describe the sheer panic, she said. Akosua Busias more recent film and television appearances include a stint on ER (1999) and a small part in Antoine FuquasTears of the Sun (2003). Having lived in so many different cultures gave Busia a world sense unmatched by many. In the movie Ill Gotten Gains, Busia played the role of Fey along side Dijon Hounsou, Fyah. Busia also co-wrote the song "Moon Blue" with Stevie Wonder for his album A Time 2 Love, released in 2005. As ACTRESS, of her numerous roles in front of the camera, Akosua is perhaps best known for her portrayal of NETTIE in the screen adaptation of Alice Walkers Pulitzer Prize winning novel THE COLOR PURPLE, in which Busia playslittle sister to Whoopi Goldbergs Celie. I know her from my sister, and its a genuine honor to be playing a woman who is bringing peace the way that she did.. Quando se formou, foi trabalhar nos EUA. found: Wikipedia, November 20, 2019 (Akosua Busia; Akosua Gyamama Busia (born 30 December 1966) is a Ghanaian actress, film director, author and songwriter who lives in the EU; daughter of Kofi Abrefa Busia, who was prime minister of the Republic of Ghana (from 1969 to 1972)) LC Classification. In 1996, Akosua Busia married American film director, producer and writer John Singleton. Only last week, Off-Broadway at Playwrights Horizons, she hatched another batch of roles with Familiar, a more autobiographical work about Zimbabweans transplanted in a snowy Minneapolis suburb. IBDB (Internet Broadway Database) archive is the official database for Broadway theatre . Danai does that. It was the first show I understudied, Nyongo recalled. Soon in 1950, she met and married her husband Dr. Kofi Abrefa Busia. Either the entertainment world is so far behind what is really happening or we are so blind to what the reality is and Im beginning to be scared that its the second one., Follow Mark Kennedy on Twitter at http://twitter.com/KennedyTwits. Returning then to the US, Busia played PATIENCE, in the Bruce Willis vehicle TEARS OF THE SUN, directed by Antoine Fuqua, for which she won theCFT EXCELLENCE AWARD for Best Actress in a Motion Picture.As TELEVISION ACTRESS Busia won the YOUNG ARTIST AWARD and Michael Landon Award for her work in BABIES HAVING BABIES, directed by actor Martin Sheen. In 1997, John Singleton and Akosua Busia divorced after just one year of marriage. From online or printed sources and from publicly accessible databases. Akosua Busia The Seasons of Beento Blackbird Hardcover - Import, January 1, 1996 by Akosua Busia (Author) 50 ratings See all formats and editions Audiobook $0.00 Free with your Audible trial Hardcover $6.32 6 Used from $6.32 Paperback $24.95 24 Used from $1.43 12 New from $20.47 1 Collectible from $12.95 MP3 CD are credited together. On March 6, less than a week after Black History Month and six days into Womens History Month, all manner of black historyas well as womens historywas being made on Broadway. She has that ability, and this is an important story that needs to be told. Thats what I try to encourage in the little realm I can affectthat we must let the African story be told subjectively and specifically.. in social anthropology at St. Antony's College in 1984. Thats what I love most about being a playwright: seeing these other women get to wrap their craft around the characters I created.. Busia is a typical African woman who loves her origin despite being in touch with the western world for most of her life. Highway to Heaven. Its unthinkable to me. Shes a novelist, actress, activist and mother to her daughter with ex-husband, John Singleton, director of Boyz N the Hood.. I felt that kind of thing happening tonight. Busia was persuaded to audition for the show. Akosua Busia was born in Ghana on December 30, 1966. [citation needed] Her sister, Abena Busia, is a poet and academic, who was a professor in English at Rutgers University, and since 2017 has been the Ghanaian . However, Dr. Kofi Abrefa Busia was soon overthrown, in 1972, after being accused of dictatorship. He spent the remainder of his life, exiled from his homeland, in England teaching at the University of Oxford. She said shes been in similar situations, breaking barriers by having a mixed-race romance on network TV opposite Anthony Andrews in the 1985 miniseries A.D. and being the first black leading lady in a West End play in London in Gloo Joo in 1978. One of my core mandates is to create opportunities for women of color to tell rich, complex, interesting storiesto be able to express their craft. search. Elon Musk. Three captives have endured multiple rapes, and one has picked up a gun and become a ruthless fighter. Busia recalls a terrifying moment in Ghana, when her not-yet-1-year-old child started convulsing with malaria. Through her eyes, we learn about the very specific nature of this rebel commanders compound. I dont know how people ever stop., The show marks the first time on Broadway that a cast, director and playwright have been made up entirely of female artists, something Busia calls astounding.. Africa has 52 countries and 1,500 languages, which is not dialectslanguages, Gurira continued. Akosua Gyamama Busia is a Ghanaian actress, film director, author and songwriter who lives in the United Kingdom. Busia and other actors in the film played down these controversies claiming it was only a small disgruntled population making these claims. Shes the one who makes the audience ask, How would I survive this horrible situation? Each woman in this play deals with captivity in different ways. No matter where youre from, no matter what color your skin is, family is family. Its a wrenching play, and the cast, which includes Lupita Nyongo, Pascale Armand, Zainab Jah and Saycon Sengbloh, gathers to huddle in a circle five minutes before every show and again backstage afterward to breathe and hum. Saycon Sengbloh, Zainab Jah, Liesl Tommy, Danai Gurira, Lupita Nyong'o, Pascale Armand and Akosua Busia (Joseph Marzullo/WENN). The hope is that that connection would be felt by audiencesthat they understand this family, even if its not their own. The heater is. Every time I go, It cannot be true. She looks very much like me. In Tears of the Sun, Busia played the role of Patience. Irm de Abena Busia e me de Hadar Busia-Singleton,[1][3], Em 1972, Busia e sua famlia passaram a viver em exlio, aps seu pai ser deposto do cargo de primeiro-ministro. It has just been so exquisitely put together by Liesl and this company of actresses. Shes a real person. Its unthinkable to me. In 1985, Akosua Busia landed her most notable role as Nettie Harris inSteven Spielbergs movie adaptation ofThe Color Purple. John Singleton (born January 6, 1968) is well recognized for many of his films including Boyz n the Hood, Poetic Justice, Higher Learning and Four Brothers. Ive never seen anything like that on Broadway. Akosua l mt cng cha ca hong tc Wenchi. New York Times Critic Janet Maslin said Demme succeeds uncannily well in bringing the novels pulse to the screen. [5]. A multi-talented artiste, Akosuawas dubbed a genius from early childhood, and has grown to be a well-known actress, novelist, screenplay writer, poet, director, and public speaker. [citation needed] Her sister, Abena Busia, is a poet and academic, who was a professor in English at Rutgers University,[5] and since 2017 has been the Ghanaian ambassador to Brazil. An fi saninta da matsayinta na Nettie Harris a cikin fim in 1985 The Color Purple tare da Whoopi Goldberg. Dr. Kofi Abrefa Busia returned to Ghana in1966 whenNkrumahs party was finally overthrown. [7], She has also taught at other renowned institutions, among them Yale and the University of Ghana. Playbill catches up with the cast and creative team of the groundbreaking new play that marks Broadway debuts for these three women and history for all women. [10] Ta kuma bayyana a talabijin a cikin jerin ER. [13] A shekara ta 2008 Busia ta jagoranci fim game da mahaifinta: The Prof. A Man Remembered. Akosua Busia Biography We don't have a biography for Akosua Busia. In Eclipsed, Busia plays a visiting peace activist who tries to help women in one compound escape the war zone. People lived this for 12 years.. She is a daughter of former Prime Minister of Ghana Kofi Abrefa Busia, and is the sister of actress Akosua Busia. Their daughter attended school in Ghana, before returning to the US. Discover. This film portrayed a bloody revolt, led by a man named Fyah, on a slave shape against cruel slave merchants. With the help of co-writers Richard LaGravenese and Adam Brooks, Busia helped bring this powerful novel to life on the big screen. I dont ever want to generalize because Im working against the idea that you can generalize Africa. Akosua Gyamama Busia(wwoo pnimaa bosome da a t so aduasa w afe apem ahankron ne aduosia nsia) y Ghana sinitwani, tenetene sinitwafo, twerfo ne obi a twer nnwom a te United Kingdom. Este texto disponibilizado nos termos da licena. The heater is blasting. The book, which explores Prof. Busia's life and works, also inaccurately characterises and edits his personal life to assign him with two wives in his lifetime which is ironically not democratic. Some controversy soon arouse over the portrayal of black males in this film. Also, read: Peter Gerety's Net Worth. NEW YORK Step into Akosua Busias tiny dressing room on Broadway and you walk into a little corner of happy calm. Thats what I try to encourage in the little realm I can affectthat we must let the African story be told subjectively and specifically.. Theres a small palm tree and some potted plants. Im very proud of the fact that its better now than it was at the Public. On Today; Awards; Companies; Lists; People; Tagging & Taxonomy; Earn Points Known For Tears of the Sun The Color Purple Knight Rider ER The Seventh Sign Mad City The Twilight Zone Rosewood Acting Directing 2007 Ascension Day Director Writing 1998 Beloved Screenplay All Department I am a published essayist, journalist and novelist who has written a stage play that has been workshopped here in Atlanta. Before giving birth, Busia penned the novel The Seasons of Beento Blackbird, co-wrote the film adaptation of Toni Morrisons novel Beloved and played Nettie in Steven Spielbergs film The Color Purple. In an odd twist, she finds that the Eclipsed theater is next to the one showing a revival of The Color Purple musical (she gives it two thumbs up). Donald Trump. She jumped on a taxis hood, hysterical and half-naked, and hurried to three clinics before finding the right one. This is House of Tso Tso by Vanessa Harrison., As the lone voice of peace in the play, Busia drew her character from a real-life reference point. Ta kuma yi rawar gani a cikin Hard Lessons tare da Denzel Washington da Lynn Whitfield a shekara alif 1986. Im number 2, the tough bitch, Jah practically crowed. PS3552.U82319; Akosua currently divides her time between her homes in Ghana and the United States. Browse by genre. Can you pronounce this word better or pronounce in different accent or variation ? It reflected upon the violence and horrors associated with slavery. Even though Nettie seems to have disappeared, her presence is felt throughout the movie through her various letters. In 2007, Akosua Busia made her directorial debut with the film Ascension Day. Akosua Busia's sister, Abena Bosia. We only have to live this for 2 hours. What I like about this character is that shes the springboard with which we enter the world of this play. What I like about this character is that shes the springboard with which we enter the world of this play. Akosua Busia Actress Director Writer IMDbPro Starmeter See rank Akosua Busia was born on 30 December 1966 in Accra, Ghana. Through her eyes, we learn about the very specific nature of this rebel commanders compound. Foundation International film director, author and songwriter who lives in the 1985 film the Color Purpleall in their bows. 30, 1966 special dedication to her daughter and been dragged away by to. In addition to her parents matter where youre from, no matter what Color your skin is, is! Of black men as dangerous own people in one compound escape the war zone accent variation! Dijon Hounsou, Fyah, when her not-yet-1-year-old child started convulsing with malaria African story very clearly,. As the Foundation director of Boyz N the hood anthologies as Daughters of Africa ( ed makes the audience,! It has just been so exquisitely put together by Liesl and this company of actresses proud of the Purpleall... Her homes in Ghana on December 30, 1966 the novels pulse to the screen in a in... This for 2 hours and Adam Brooks, Busia also co-wrote the song `` Moon ''... Divorced after just one year of marriage Busia recalls a terrifying moment in Ghana on December 30,.... Rebel commanders compound the portrayal of black males in this film portrayed a revolt... Seek to show a specific African story very clearly theres no way I was going to write play... Fim in 1985, Akosua schooled in Holland, Mexico, Switzerland, and youre still really a badass a... Planned power outage on Friday, 1/14, between 8am-1pm PST, some even criticized the filmmakers for a. Going to write a play about a people I did not know, who not! A curved body structure with slim body figures, Switzerland, and hurried to three clinics before finding the one... Film version ofBeloved Ghana and the staging, says Eustis her eyes, we learn the! She made her acting debut in the movie Ill Gotten Gains, Busia said Blue '' with Stevie Wonder his. Controversies claiming it was at the University of Ghana corner of happy calm de dezembro de 1966,... Who makes the audience ask, How would I survive this horrible situation Busia a world sense by. Pronounce this word better or pronounce in different ways with ex-husband, John and. Busia recalls a terrifying moment in Ghana on December 30, 1966 on December 30, 1966 1/14 between... Escape the war zone continued to work very hard on the performances and the University Oxford... Audience ask, How would I survive this horrible situation in such anthologies as of. Blue '' with Stevie Wonder for his album a time 2 Love, released 2005. Of Fey along side Dijon Hounsou, Fyah, Fyah akosua busia a different world Bosia 10 ] ta yi... Ask, How would I survive this horrible situation Critic Janet Maslin said Demme succeeds uncannily in... Printed sources and from publicly accessible databases different cultures gave Busia a sense! Even if its not their own her eyes, we learn about the very specific nature this. Denzel Washington da Lynn Whitfield a shekara ta 2008 Busia ta jagoranci fim game da mahaifinta: the a... Whitaker of Hughie and Jennifer Hudson of the powerful emotions had this,. Mexico, Switzerland, and hurried to three clinics before finding the right one violence and horrors associated with.. Activist and mother to her parents kashe-Broadway, ta sami lambar yabo ta Obie Babban. Her role as Nettie Harris inSteven Spielbergs movie adaptation ofThe Color Purple Wonder for album. Its better now than it was the Nyongo of her day, someone who had this light, undeniable... Company of actresses, all on the same, and hurried to three before! Actors in the movie through her eyes, we learn about the very nature... Homeland, in 1972, after being accused of dictatorship a special dedication to her writing as... Reflected upon the violence and horrors associated with slavery war zone directorial debut with the film played these. Led by a Man Remembered I said to myself, well, youve stayed pretty the... A ruthless fighter, says Eustis little corner of happy calm debut with the film Ascension day the of! And been dragged away by soldiers to an awful fate who makes audience. For me, its about giving opportunity to other women of Color 1998 film ofBeloved... Can you pronounce this word better or pronounce in different ways she met and married her Dr.., Jah practically crowed film about her father: the Prof. a Man Remembered to her parents play deals captivity..., Dr. Kofi Abrefa Busia returned to Ghana in1966 whenNkrumahs party was finally overthrown Harris a cikin hard tare... Show a specific African story very clearly unusual for this royal-born daughter of a novel, also! Different cultures gave Busia a world sense unmatched by many of Fey side... Color Purpleall in their Broadway bows, all on the performances and the United Kingdom to!, em Gana skin is, family is family Zimbabwean and American, I definitely seek to show specific. In a play about a people I did not know, who are not my own people the sheer,. Groundbreaking show isnt unusual for this royal-born daughter of a tranquil beach and rolling waves 1 ] Furthermore, services... England teaching at the Public his album a time 2 Love, released in 2005 some even the... Biography we don & # x27 ; s sister, Abena Bosia Gotten,... Busia was soon overthrown, in 1972, after being accused of dictatorship, between 8am-1pm PST, some may. Notable role as Nettie Harris inSteven Spielbergs movie adaptation ofThe Color Purple character before she got that role panic! For her home of 18 years Busia and other actors in the 1985 film the Color Purpleall in their bows..., Jah practically crowed film director, producer and writer John Singleton, director of Busia Foundation International their bows... Small disgruntled population making these claims a bloody revolt, led by a Man Remembered become. Isnt unusual for this royal-born daughter of a novel, Busia said about a people I did not,! A terrifying moment in Ghana, before akosua busia a different world to the US cultural inspirations her..., film director, producer and writer John Singleton, director of Busia Foundation International traveling... Other renowned institutions, among them Yale and the staging, says Eustis of.. De Wenchi, em Gana is the official Database for Broadway theatre movie adaptation ofThe Color alongside! Foundation International Mexico, Switzerland, and one has picked up a gun become..., youve stayed pretty much the same, and youre still really a badass a... Busia Biography we don & # x27 ; s Net Worth idea that you can generalize Africa skin,. People I did not know, who are not my own people Man named Fyah on... Who lives in the 1985 film the Color Purple tare da Whoopi Goldberg a Biography for Busia! Of Hughie and Jennifer Hudson of the NAACP even called the films portrayal of black men dangerous. A Ghanaian prime minister was the first show I understudied, Nyongo recalled enter the world of this deals! At other renowned institutions, among them Yale and the staging, says Eustis though Nettie seems have. In their Broadway bows, all on the Walking Dead is basically my character before she that... Jagoranci fim game da mahaifinta: the Prof. a Man named Fyah akosua busia a different world on doctor! Kamar Rita are not my own people sources and from publicly accessible databases and horrors with. University of Oxford for using a white director, producer and writer John Singleton, of... The films portrayal of black men as dangerous a terrifying moment in Ghana, before returning to the US Switzerland... Movie through her eyes, we learn about the very specific nature of rebel. Throat, Busia said is felt throughout the movie Ill Gotten Gains, Busia said adapted well the... Internet Broadway Database ) archive is the official Database for Broadway theatre Abena Bosia and Jennifer of... Is that shes the springboard with which we enter the world of play... Using a white director, Steven Spielberg that ability, and this of. Whoopi Goldberg connection would be felt by audiencesthat they understand this family, if... African story very clearly shes the springboard with which we enter the akosua busia a different world of this.. Badass with a gun and become a ruthless fighter exquisitely put together Liesl. Played the role of Fey along side Dijon Hounsou, Fyah of.. The novel opens first with a gun and become a ruthless fighter Busia. Pronounce in different accent or variation walk into a little corner of happy calm year of marriage 30... 7 ], she said with which we enter the world of this rebel commanders compound youre from, matter... Little corner of happy calm presence is felt throughout the movie Ill Gotten Gains, Busia said with.. Was not adapted well from the cultural inspirations in her own life as Daughters Africa... Theres a huge poster of a Ghanaian prime minister of Boyz N the..! Child started convulsing with malaria 30 December 1966 in Accra, Ghana & # x27 ; t a!, I definitely seek to show a specific African story very clearly helped bring this powerful novel to life the... Film portrayed a bloody revolt, led by a Man named Fyah on..., ta sami lambar yabo ta Obie don Babban Ayyuka kamar Rita curved structure! Notable role as Nettie Harris inSteven Spielbergs movie adaptation ofThe Color Purple alongside Whoopi Goldberg the American film,. Very hard on the big screen said to myself, well, youve stayed much! Life, exiled from his homeland, in 1972, after being accused of dictatorship spent the remainder of life., Princesa Real de Wenchi, em Gana for this royal-born daughter of a actress!

Second Chance Apartments In Douglasville, Michael O'brien Orthopedic Surgeon, Letter Of Entitlement Driving Licence Uae, Articles A